UNIT 10

UNIT 10 A: A MIND OF YOUR OWN

Presume(v): to think that something is the case without being certain

/presumably(adv)

‘’Are all students attending the seminar? ‘’ ‘’I presume so.’’

Visualize(v): in medicine, to use equipment to create an image of an internal part of the body like the brain / visualization(n)-visual(adj)-visually(adv)

After visualizing his lungs, doctors detected a tumor and decided to operate him.

Transform(v): to change something totally / transformation(n)

Winning the lottery has transformed his life. He leads such a comfortable life that he has totally forgotten the tough times.

Entity(n): something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity

The garden is so skillfully designed that thhouse and the garden looks as a single entity.

Reinforce(v): to strenghten something by giving it more support / reinforcement(n)

They are trying to enforce a new law which requires all buildings to be reinforced to withstand earthquakes.

Welfare(n): well-being, health, comfort, happiness

Animal lovers are organizing a march to attract people’s attention to the right of welfare of animals.

Flexible(adj): easily bent or adjusted without breaking / flexibility(n)-flexibly(adv)

All the copper water pipes are being replaced with plastic ones as the latter are more flexible and convenient to fit.

Underlie(v): to lie beneath something

The principle that underlies his success is simple; ‘’Respect and enjoy what you are doing.’’

Perspective(n): a point of view or a particular way of thinking about something

To understand them better, parents should try to see the events from their children’s perspective.

Accomplish(v): to succeed in doing something that is a goal or aim / accomplished(adj)-accomplishment(n)

‘’Mission accomplised’’ is a famous clause we hear in every James Bond film.

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.

accomplish                 entity                    flexible                  perspective                presume

reinforce                    transform             underlie                visualize                     welfare

1. What are the negative beliefs — about yourself, other people or the world — which ___________________ your fears?

2. Although economists generally ___________________  that information is costless to transmit, receive, and use, the evidence suggests that this is not always the case.

3. Both presentation material and exercises are illustrated to enable learners to ___________________  contexts and to help with difficult vocabulary.

4. Doctors should recognize that the patient is not just a physical ___________________  but also has emotional, mental and spiritual aspects.

 5. Color coding in the library is used to ___________________  clearly printed visual signs.

6. Communication policies are changing rapidly, yet there is a need to assess them constantly from an ethical ___________________.

7. When you see the pyramids, you will be astonished at what men could ___________________.

8. The former governments wanted to ___________________  the poor country into a modern state by downgrading agriculture and investing in industry.

9. Non-Governmental Organizations all around the world want to provide better medical care and child ___________________  by sending aid, including medical supplies, to the country suffering from famine.

10. To act as a stunt in films, a person needs to have a strong and ___________________  body.

Answers:

1. underlie              2. presume             3. visualize             4. entity                  5. reinforce 

6. perspective        7. accomplish         8. transform           9. welfare               10. flexible

UNIT 10 B: HOW SMART ARE ANIMALS?

Acknowledge(v): to accept or admit that something is true / acknowledgement(n)

He acknowledged that he was responsible for the explosion as he forgot the electric heater on before he left the shop.

Primitive(adj): very simple, belonging to an early period of development / primitively(adv)-primitiveness(n)

Since the conditions are quite primitive in camps, I have never liked camping holidays.

Reveal(v): to show or make people aware of something / revealing(adj)-revealingly(adv)

In our school, we give studendts special tests to reveal their hidden skills.

Master(v): to become highly skilled in doing something / masterly(adj)-masterful(adj)-masterfully(adv)

The skills needed to master certain jobs are not necessarily learned at school.

Abstract(n): theoretical, not related to real things / abstraction(n)

Children cannot think in abstract terms before six years old. They need to associate ideas with objects.

Pronounce(v): to say something using particular sounds / pronunciation(n)-pronounceable(adj)

It may be difficult to pronounce -th sound while learning English for Turkish students as they do not use this sound in their native language.

Extraordinary(adj): having an extremely special quality, very unusual / extraordinarily(adv)

He displayed an extraordinary performance. He must have practised a lot.

Humble(v): modest and respectful, not too proud / humble(adj)-humbly(adv)

Despite his fame, he is such a humble actor. He never refuses his fans demands.

Dismiss(v): to send someone away or to reject something or someone / dismissal(n)-dismissive(adj)-dismissively(adv)

It is not fair to dismiss the students who protested the prime minister from school.

Simulate(v): to pretend to do something in artifical conditions / simulated(adj)-simulation(n)

In the space camp, students have a chance to see the space in spaceships that simulate conditions in space.

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.

abstract          acknowledge                   dismiss                   extraordinary              humble

master primitive                           pronounce             reveal                           simulate

1. Although the dictionary tells me how to spell it, I don’t know how to __________________ them until I ask a French speaker.

2. This loss of control is frightening and therapy has helped me to __________________ its existence, although I still don't know why it happens.

3. He felt __________________ when he saw the conditions the doctors without frontiers worked in to help the miserable in Africa.

4. Touch is the earliest and most __________________ form of communication and is an important form of non-verbal communication throughout life.

5. Once you've __________________ the art of making soufflé you can vary the ingredients, such as chocolate, vanilla, or cheese, to suit the occasion.

6. As a pacifist, the political leader believes that although they have suffered from slavery, imperialism, capitalism, and exploitation, they should __________________ their feelings, keep smiling and solve their problems peacefully.

7. As they are scared of protests, they will not __________________ any plans to demolish the old houses in the city center and erect blocks of flats in their place.

8. The director of the famous art gallery states that there has been a growing interest in __________________ painting because people have explored the world by means of the camera in a very detailed way.

9. In my opinion, a computer program of sufficient complexity can __________________ any human mind to any level of detail.

10. It is a/an __________________ event. Normally, such things don’t happen here.

 Answers:

1. pronounce          2. acknowledge      3. humbled             4. primitive             5. mastered 

6. dismiss               7. reveal                  8. abstract              9. simulate              10. eXtraordinary